Anxiety Disorder - 3897 Words

Research paper on Anxiety Disorder Jeffrey S. Fletcher, M.A. Kathleen B. Stinger Psychopathology and Counseling, Coun 656 4, May 2014 Author Note Jeffrey S. Fletcher, Student, Liberty University. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Jeffrey S. Fletcher, Jfletcher1@liberty.edu Abstract This research paper is designed to review articles and books of professional journals in anxiety disorders, definition of anxiety disorder, review of current and past treatments of anxiety disorders, the new section and changes to anxiety disorder in the DSM-5, new treatments for anxiety disorders and medications for anxiety disorders. This paper will show spiritual considerations for treating anxiety disorders and how†¦show more content†¦Clinical descriptions of Anxiety Disorders Anxiety affects the entire person. It affects the physiological, behavioral and psychologically. Physiological anxiety include body reactions like rapid heartbeat, muscle tension, queasiness, dry mouth and sweating. Behavioral it can interfere with the ability to act, express yourself or handle everyday situations. Psychologically anxiety causes apprehension and uneasiness. It can cause one to feel detached from one’s body or fearful of dying or going crazy. Criteria must be met are 1. Symptoms must interfere with important areas of functioning or cause marked distress. 2. Symptoms are not caused by a drug or a medical condition. 3. The fears and anxieties are distinct from the symptoms of another anxiety disorder (Kring, p. 174). DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders This section of the DSM-5 is arranged with the disorders being in sequence with the age of onset. They are: Separation Anxiety Disorder, Selective Mutism, Specific Phobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Substance/Medication-induced Anxiety Disorder. The first is separation anxiety disorder. This is the fear of being separated from the main attachment figure in inappropriate proportions to their developmental phase. Selective Mutism is the inability to peak in a social setting. This interferes with oneShow MoreRelatedAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders1075 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition for anxiety from a text book stand point. Someone that has or has experienced anxiety would describe it differently. An anxiety problem can be developed through genetics, past life events, and personality. Anxiety can be broken down into six different branches: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phob ia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and social anxiety disorder. People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often have increased anxiety over somethingRead MoreAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders1868 Words   |  8 Pagesof both physical and mental development. Mood disorders are often overlooked during this time for the brain becoming more developed; however among children, anxiety disorders seem to be the most common disorders to be experienced (Nelson; Israel, pg 112). Barlow (2002) defines anxiety as a future-oriented emotion that is characterized by the inability to be in control and predict future events that can be potentially dangerous to the individual. Anxiety shares commonalities with fear, but the differenceRead MoreAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders2598 Words   |  11 PagesFor a huge amount of people, anxiety is a normal response to everyday stress. It’s a normal emotion that everyone goes through at a certain points in their lives. Many people feel anxious or nervous when facing problems at work, school, etc. A nxiety disorders however, are super different. They can cause such distress that interferes with a person’s ability to live a normal life. Anxiety disorders are the most common psychological disorders in the United States. About 27.6 million people in the URead MoreAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders1224 Words   |  5 PagesAnxiety is defined as a persistent fear that occurs in the absence of a threat. Anxiety and fear are typical human reactions that can be exaggerated. When an individual’s anxiety interferes with their everyday life, it is then referred to as an anxiety disorder. There are five classes of anxiety disorder, which include: generalized anxiety disorder, phobic anxiety disorder, panic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. There is not a specific cause to anxietyRead MoreAnxiety Disorders And Anxiety Disorder848 Words   |  4 Pages Everyone in their life time experiences some sort of anxiety. It is that feeling that you get when you are about to take a test or doing a presentation in front of students. But some people, like me, have something worse than just the anxious feeling you get, something called anxiety disorder. It becomes a disorder when that anxious feeling happens frequently and makes you feel uneasy and different Figuring out that I had anxiety took a while, I always felt like I was anxious a lot more than everyoneRead MoreThe Anxiety Disorder ( Anxiety )1126 Words   |  5 Pages A Psychology disorder known as anxiety disorder, is the most common in the United States. In a result of, 18% of 40 million people suffers from anxiety. However, there are six different types of anxiety disorders in the results of stress, depression, social interaction, obsessive compulsive, and phobia. Which characteristic functions as a natural part of life, that can be treated thought several methods. Anxiety is a feeling of numerous of things, whether its danger or a sense of threat andRead MoreThe Anxiety Disorders : Social Anxiety Disorder2032 Words   |  9 PagesClient Goal There are many adolescences that suffer from anxiety that interferes with them performing in the school setting, and often affects their behavior and grades. One of these anxiety disorders is social anxiety disorder, which is â€Å"characterized by significant discomfort and avoidance of social or performance situations† (Ryan Warner, 2012, p. 105). Studies have found that â€Å"recent estimates indicate that 6% of children and 12.1% of adolescents meet criteria for this diagnosis† (Ryan Read MoreState Anxiety And Anxiety Disorders3266 Words   |  14 Pagesincrease in research on anxiety. Ever since, special clinics have been introduced in order to help deal with anxiety disorders. It is suggested that the growth in research is due to anxiety being regarded as one of the most prominent and pervasive emotions, causing distress and negatively affecting large numbers of people. As stated by Rachman (2004), anxiety is described as the experience of unpleasant feelings and the unsettling anticipation of a threatening but vague event. Anxiety can be experiencedRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder1142 Words   |  5 PagesGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a disorder of shared self-reported symptoms. It goes with tension, uncontrollable worrying, sometimes muscle pain, trouble sleeping, and irritability that all together impair work ability, relations, and leisure activities. It is a common condition and there are psychological and pharmacological treatment options are available for anxiety disorders but not all patients respond to the same treatment as others. Finding a good treatment can take many months or sometimesRead MoreEssay about Anxiety Disorder1441 Words   |  6 Pagesmany psychological disorders, anxiety disorders are the most predominant in the United States. According to Antony (2011), anxiety disorders affect nearly 28.8 percent of the population. An extreme and unrealistic anxiety is the most common symptom that characterizes all the psychological conditions within the category of anxiety disorders. The category includes specific phobia, agoraphobia, social phobia, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive

Designing A Large E Commerce Transformation Project

As I grew from a developer to technology lead to Project Manager, I have started to appreciate each methodology for its own strength and weakness. Below are the strength and weakness of individual methodology that I concur based on experience. When we implemented a large E-commerce transformation project that requires the application to be ported from one platform to another, we followed waterfall methodology. Since it was replication of the same functionality, the requirements were very well documented and available, hence waterfall fit into the project execution. We also had a must meet timeline that is non-negotiable with well-defined team structure. Based on the experience following are the strength and weakness of waterfall†¦show more content†¦I haven’t used JAD for development or system/functional testing due to it’s known weakness. JAD works very well when we require SME’s across multiple domains whose availability is limited and hard-pressed. With the involvement of senior management in the JAD process, it provides purpose and commitment to project timelines. Following are the strength and weakness of JAD. Strength †¢ JAD decreases time and costs associated with requirements elicitation process. During 2-4 weeks information not only is collected, but requirements, agreed upon by various system users, are identified. Experience with JAD allows companies to customize their systems analysis process into even more dynamic methodology for mission-critical work. †¢ JAD sessions help bring experts together giving them a chance to share their views, understand views of others, and develop the sense of project ownership. †¢ The methods of JAD implementation are well-known, and can easily be applied by any organization. †¢ Easy integration of Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools into JAD workshops improves session productivity and provides systems analysts with discussed and ready to use models. Weakness †¢ Without multifaceted preparation for a JAD session, professionals valuable time can be easily wasted. If JAD session organizers do not study the elements of the system being evaluated, an incorrect

Are Drug Abusers a Cause Worth Fighting For free essay sample

Are Drug Abusers a Cause Worth Fighting For? When thinking about the numerous causes to rally for, do drug abusers make the list? Most philanthropists would generally focus their attention and resources towards cancer or children, rather than drug addicts. There has been a long standing battle between drugs and the people who succumb to them. Many organizations have made it their mission to help drug abusers break the cycle of addiction and help them claim back the lives that drugs had cost them. One focus has been on the life-saving drug naloxone, which counteracts the effects of an overdose. According to writer Julie Turkewitz in her article An Effort to Expand Access to a Drug That Could Save Victims of Overdoses, his drug has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat overdoses since 1971 , yet it is not commonly available. The highlight of her focus is in New York and the pilot program that concludes in 2014, consisting of naloxone training for E. M. T. s. Julie Turkewitz effectively advocated for a more widespread availability and of the drug naloxone through the use of pathos, logos, and ethos. Throughout the article, the strong use of pathos was used to ffectively demonstrate the need for a larger availability of naloxone. The writer begins by using pathos to make the reader view drug abusers as victims that are not to blame for their actions. The writer used pathos to portray Samantha Dittmeier, a drug user that subsequently overdosed, as a victim and not as an addict by saying She was very loving, very compassionate unfortunately, the addiction got to her (Turkewitz 1). The qualities of being loving and compassionate listed in the previous quote are not generally associated with a typical drug addict but are words ore likely to reference a friend or loved one. Using this quote sets up the drug users and victims, people that we dont want to die and could be saved by increased naloxone distribution. The writer adds to this by quoting the mother that had a son die due to a heroin overdose: l wish Id known about this beforehand. Its kind of like, Thank God its here, but its taken so long for them to get it here (Turkewitz 2). This quote is used to appeal to the compassion of the reader and makes it seem as if he would have been saved had naloxone been more readily available. The use of the hrase, the addiction got to her, appeals to the readers emotions of sympathy to imply that the drugs are to blame and not the user, further portraying the drug abusers as victims. The writer specifically uses the words drug users and drug abusers instead of drug addict. The term addict tends to have a negative connotation that the writer tried to avoid by using user in its place. The writer also used pathos to stress her position: The most common killers are opioids, a class of painkillers that include prescription drugs like Vicodin, OxyContin and Percocet, as ell as illegal narcotics like heroin (Turkewitz 1). This sentence is intended to draw a correlation between a more common drug that is more easily accessible and heroin, readers sympathy once again by portraying drug users as victims by comparing substance abusers to children who accidentally wander into a parents medicine cabinet. Children are viewed as innocent and by using substance abusers in the same sentence, the writer is attempting relate the positive views towards children to substance abusers. This comparison is an effective use of pathos and proves the eed for a more widespread availability of naloxone. The writer used pathos as a conclusion in the last two sentences of the article. She begins by referencing a study published in 2012 by the Annals of Internal Medicine, one life could be saved for every 227 naloxone kits distributed to heroin users and those close to them (Turkewitz 3). Is that enough of a difference to Justify increasing naloxone distribution? The writer is using pathos by immediately following this research with a quote from Dr. Sharon Stancliff: Public health moves slow. This is really an extremely afe, safe medication (Turkewitz 3). This plays on empathy to help people and care for those less fortunate. The writer had previously used pathos to appeal to the readers sympathy for drug addicts by referring to them as users and is now adding to that. She is again furthering her position to increase distribution of naloxone because the number of lives saved could be higher than one per 227 kits if naloxone was more widely distributed. The writer also effectively used logos to further prove her stance that naloxone should be made more available. The main way Turkewitz ampaigns for an increase in trained personnel to administer the drug is by logically arguing the growing number of people killed by opioid overdoses. Statewide, opioid overdoses killed 2,051 people in 2011, more than twice the number that they killed in 2004 (Turkewitz 1). The phrase that they killed stands out because it is showing a personification of the drugs and allows the drugs to be blamed for the overdoses and not the drug users that take the drugs. The writer personifies the drugs to help prove that naloxone should be readily available as a way to fght against the drugs. The writer goes on to logically argue the positive aspects of naloxone, beyond the life- saving potential. She states the drug naloxone is easy-to-administer and inexpensive (Turkewitz 1), making sure to stress the fact that it would not be a burden on tax dollars to produce and distribute to trained individuals adequately showing naloxone should be made more available. The training takes 10 minutes to one hour, (Turkewitz 2) showing that naloxone is quick and easy to train, another reassurance against negative criticism about the possible increased cost of having a ider distribution of naloxone. The writer then continues to state The Food and Drug Administration approved the drug to treat overdoses in 1971, and since then it has been widely used in hospitals (Turkewitz 1). The writer used logos to show the drug has been used for some time, with little to no side effects and is commonly used by medical professionals to this day. This shows that naloxone is safe and if there were any major side effects, they would have been discovered already. The writer is again reassuring the reader that the drug is safe and should be more available to attempt o save more lives. Showing the cost effectiveness of naloxone logically proves that there needs to be a wider distribution to help save more lives. Finally, the writer effectively uses ethos to show naloxone should be more readily available. The main way Turkewitz used ethos was to discuss the current training programs in effect, to her argument, she summarizes the success of a recent pilot program in New York and effectively supports her position that naloxone should be more available: Since spring 2012, newly trained E. M. T. s have administered naloxone to 197 people who verdosed (Turkewitz 2). This quote shows that the increased training and availability of naloxone has already helped save lives. The writer used this quote to logically argue that this is a lifesaving drug that warrants the additional training. This research effectively proves the writers stance that naloxone should be more widespread. Throughout the article, the writer quotes several credible sources. One of the most credible sources is Paul A. Werfel, who oversees the E. M. T. and paramedic training program at Stony Brook University. His argument to naloxone eing more widespread is, drug users can become combative after they are given naloxone. The average E. M. T. in Suffolk may not necessarily have the tools to handle that (Turkewitz 2). Werfel is a credible source because of his position at Stony Brook University training emergency medical technicians. He knows the ins and outs of the challenges that E. M. T. s deal with on a daily basis and their limitations in training. He adds credibility to her position because his only quoted argument is that drug users become combative, a situation that could be easily trained to handle.

Student Diversity and Classroom Management free essay sample

These multiple differences can present enormous challenges to the teacher where discipline is concerned. This paper discusses five classroom management strategies, which group of students these strategies might work well with and how these strategies can promote critical thinking in the students, explained by providing brief examples. The five strategies include Morrish’s Real discipline, Wong’s Pragmatic Classroom, Kagen, Kyle and Scott’s Win-Win Discipline, B. F. Skinner’s Discipline through Shaping Behavior and William Glasser’s Discipline Guided by Choice. The Win-Win discipline model foster’s communication, emphasizes accountability and works to replace negative attitudes with positive attitudes. This theory is centered about the idea of a student achieving long term self-managed accountability of their actions (Charles 2008). It promotes critical thinking by causing students to review their actions, reflect on their responsibilities and openly communicate their thoughts about these things through discussions with their teacher. This approach is best suited for high functioning students capable of this reflection and acceptance of their responsibilities, but who may need an attitude adjustment. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Diversity and Classroom Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This approach will try to find the causes of negativity and also attempt to educate the student about their attitude in an effort to change the student’s attitude. For example, it may be determined that fifteen year old Jake has the mental capacity to be successful academically, however he demonstrates a nasty ttitude often which interferes with his academic progress and often lands him in trouble. The teacher needs to communicate and get to know the student better in an effort to discover the cause of his attitude problem. The teacher should explain that Jake is responsible for his approach to their class and to life in general and must face the consequences of his actions. The teacher should educate Jake about how detrimental a bad attitude can be and work together with Jake to begin modifying his outlook. Skinner’s theory of discipline through shaping behavior is probably best suited for pre-kindergarten or early elementary students. Basically, this model works for younger children because it offers positive reinforcement through such things as prizes such as candy, rewards or praise and because younger children may be more moldable as well as exhibit many behaviors that need to be changed. Skinner believed that undesirable behaviors could be modified and changed by intentionally presenting systematic positive reinforcements when desirable behaviors are demonstrated (Charles, 2008). Critical thinking is limited, but definitely in use when the child learns to identify the association of positive rewards with positive behaviors, thereby deliberately making the choice to continue the positive behaviors. For example, if five year old Cindy discovers she can get extra play time the next day if she helps clean up the toys after play time each day, then she will most likely continue this cooperative behavior. Wong’s Practical Classroom Management theory will work well with students who need a high level of structure and routine because it provides simplistic and clear cut instructions for what is expected from the student and is consistent with a limited number of rules. Students of various ages are sometimes afflicted with being easily overstimulated or excitability causing them to act out. Even so, with this approach the student can bring themselves back around because they remember the simple set of rules and know what to expect if they can regain control of themselves. A limited amount of critical thinking is needed, but the student will process mentally what they need to do and can understand the simplicity and clarity of the rules in this approach with the reassurance that if they comply, they can regain structure and a sense of control over their environment. For example, there may be a fire drill at school and the alarm may overstimulate or upset a child causing them to respond by acting out. When the student returns to class however, they will then be able to know through consistency in the approach, routine and habituation what is expected of them and fall back into compliance. Morrish’s Real Discipline approach is probably a good fit for moderate to high functioning students in the middle grades or in the age range of eight to ten years old. This approach begins teaching students the â€Å"skills, attitudes, and knowledge needed for cooperation, proper behavior and increased responsibility† (Charles, 2008). Introducing personal responsibility promotes critical thinking by causing the students to reflect on their choices and to consider the consequences before making choices. For example, Sue may be tempted to copy her peer’s homework while the teacher is pre-occupied because she left hers at home. However, when she considers the consequences of after-school retention, she decides to explain to the teacher that she forgot her homework and accept responsibility for that rather than cheat. She has learned that it is important to choose the proper behavior and be more responsible. The last approach reviewed is William Glasser’s Discipline Guided by Choice theory. The main objective of this theory is to meet the student’s basic needs while improving quality through teaching and learning (Grand Canyon University, 2010). It also emphasizes a strong curriculum and assisting students who need help or guidance. Because it also focuses on catering to students with special needs or impairments and looks to meet basic needs, Glasser’s approach would work well for students who have disabilities and other mental or physical limitations. Glasser’s theory advocated for a non-coercive approach. Students may learn critical thinking through the promotion of teamwork and positive communication. For example, eight year old Sarah has been diagnosed with a chronic anxiety disorder that is exacerbated whenever she feels threatened or unsafe. Because Glasser’s approach to learning is non-coercive and promotes the importance of creating a safe learning environment, (Charles, 2008) Sarah has experienced far less anxiety while in class and is performing better academically with less down time. Choosing a classroom management approach that will be effective for you may take some time and adjustments. There can be growing pains in this process as you must first learn your students individually while also laying down a firm foundation of management and control from day one. In choosing the best classroom management strategy, educators must make certain considerations such as age groups, developmental and functioning level as well as how to manage the student with special needs. Regardless of the approach chosen, each strategy provides the educator with a foundation on which to build their own classroom management strategy that will best prepare the class for success and how to address behavior issues. As an educator, we must be flexible and have the ability to adapt to change. This is important because our student body will always be changing as one year ends and another begins. Even the diversity within the classroom itself can and may constantly change as new students arrive in mid-year. Educators must have an open mind and understand that finding the right approach may be a trial and error process. Remember to be patient with yourself and if one approach isn’t comfortable, then you must be willing to implement another until you find a good fit for yourself and your students.